Atopic Dermatitis

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic skin condition and a common type of eczema. Eczema is a group of inflammatory sin conditions that vary in severity. It is possible for atopic dermatitis to overlap with other types of eczema. Atopic dermatitis is characterized by an itchy rash or dry, scaly patches on the skin. These rashes may appear red, purple, brown, or grayish depending on skin tone. Common places to see these rashes are the face, inside of the elbow, or behind the knee. However, atopic dermatitis can appear on any part of the body and can appear in multiple places at once.³

The exact cause of atopic dermatitis is unknown. However, people often develop atopic dermatitis due to a combination of genes and trigger, such as scratchy clothing or sweat. Often, people with atopic dermatitis have an overactive immune system which causes inflammation when the skin is triggered. Other research has shown that a mutation in the gene that is responsible for filaggrin, which helps our body maintain a healthy protective layer over the skin, can be associated with atopic dermatitis.³

In order to diagnose atopic dermatitis, a healthcare professional will need to conduct a physical exam and review symptoms. Common procedures in this process include looking closely at your skin to identify any rashes or inflammation, asking questions about symptoms, and reviewing medical history. In rare cases, a healthcare professional may recommend a skin biopsy to take a closer look at the cells under a microscope. Based on these steps taken by your healthcare provider, a conclusion can be made about the condition that you are struggling with.⁴

Atopic dermatitis can be managed in a variety of ways. The following are common management options:

• Identifying triggers and allergens that are causing inflammation
• Applying cream or ointment (fragrance free) to your skin
• Using a topical, injection or prescription medication
• Trim nails or wear gloves at night to prevent itching during sleep
• Wear comfortable clothes
• Utilize a humidifier in your home
• Take oatmeal baths to lock moisture in the skin

While none of these options are a cure for atopic dermatitis, these methods can be used to reduce the burden of symptoms and flare-ups.⁴

The most common symptoms of atopic dermatitis are:

• A rash on the skin
• Dry or cracked skin
• Itchy skin
• Red, purple, brown, or gray skin discoloration
• Fluid-filled bumps
• Crusted skin
• Swelling

The severity of these symptoms can vary widely from person to person. Additionally, the type of symptoms that a person encounters can also vary greatly.⁴

Atopic dermatitis can occur at any age. However, it is most common amongst children under the age of 18, as roughly 9.6 million children are affected by this condition. Approximately 16.5 million adults are affected by atopic dermatitis. Typically, it develops in the first six months of life and can persist into adulthood. It is not uncommon for atopic dermatitis symptoms to improve but then flare up again at times. This is the nature of the condition, and it may last decades for some, and only a few years for others. Individuals who have asthma, or family members who do, are more likely to develop atopic dermatitis.³

As noted above, certain things can trigger atopic dermatitis flare ups. Common triggers include:

• Allergens
• Irritants
• Hormone changes
• Skin infections
• Stress
• Temperature changes (hot or cold)

Other common triggers include objects or products that may cause flare ups when your skin encounters them. These include things like:

• Food
• Skincare products
• Plants
• Cleaning products
• Soaps or detergent

Understanding what triggers are causing symptoms to flare up is a key piece of managing atopic dermatitis. If you are unsure about the triggers that are causing your symptoms, speak to your healthcare provider for support.³

Researchers are investigating new potential and more effective treatments all the time. You can talk with your doctor about options for a more effective treatment plan, and whether you may be a good candidate for a clinical trial.